Altilium is the only company in the UK recycling and upcycling old EV batteries to high nickel P-CAM and CAM for direct reuse in new EV batteries. With the growing demand for lithium-ion batteries, the company is developing a domestic, sustainable source of battery raw materials for the UK, reducing reliance on imported materials from China and helping to decarbonize the UK transport sector.
Leveraging its proprietary EcoCathode process, Altilium has successfully processed LFP batteries, recovering more than 97% of the lithium, marking a significant step towards for sustainable battery production and recycling.
Recovering lithium at high efficiency is significant, as it improves the economics of recycling LFP batteries, which are expected to make up more than 40% of the global market by 2030.
Altilium has also delivered the latest generation of its CAM, recovered from old NMC111 battery chemistries and production scrap, for testing at Imperial College London. This marks the first time that Altilium has produced an advanced NMC 622 high nickel chemistry from a mixed stream of lithium scrap.
Using the EcoCathode process, Altilium’s latest generation CAM has the potential to extend the lifespan of these batteries, while also reducing the carbon emissions by 60% and costs by 20% compared to virgin raw material, contributing to the creation of more efficient and environmentally friendly EVs.
The material sent to Imperial College London will undergo electrochemical performance testing and chemical analysis as part of a collaborative R&D project with a leading automotive OEM.
Altilium has now demonstrated its ability to recycle both LFP and NMC batteries, which will be critical to developing an economically viable circular economy for battery materials in the UK. As lower cost LFP batteries become more widespread, battery recycling businesses will need to find ways to process these new battery chemistries, which have traditionally been less attractive to recyclers.
Altilium’s first mega-scale recycling facility, which will be located in Teesside, has been designed to process a mixed feed of battery chemistries, including LFP.
NMC batteries, which contain lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt, are currently the dominant chemistry in the UK. However, LFP batteries, which use lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material, are becoming increasingly popular with automotive OEMs and battery manufacturers, as they look to reduce their reliance on scarce materials, such as nickel and cobalt.
The shift to LFP batteries presents a challenge for battery recyclers, as the iron and phosphate are less valuable then nickel and cobalt, which makes the economics more challenging. As a result, LFP batteries are currently less likely to be recycled. One way to address this is by recycling more of the lithium, which is a high-value material and can be reused in the production of new CAM.
Altilium is also able to recycle the graphite, for reuse in the production of new anodes, which further improves the economics. While the iron and phosphate are less valuable, they can still be recovered for reuse in other industries.
By recycling to CAM, Altilium will be able to offer a closed loop solution to OEMs and cell manufacturers, with EV battery collection from the final holder, processing of waste batteries and chemical refining to battery-ready, sustainable materials for direct reuse in the production of new batteries.
According to the Advanced Propulsion Centre, UK battery demand is forecast to reach 91 GWh per year by 2030, to support the production of 1.2 million EVs a year. In order to meet this demand, the UK will require 163KT of CAM per year.
Currently there is no at-scale CAM manufacturing capability in the UK. Altilium’s Teesside recycling plant will produce 30,000 tonnes of CAM a year – enough to power 20% of new EVs produced in the UK by 2030.
Processing battery waste from black mass to CAM multiplies the value of the material. However, UK produced black mass is typically exported to Asia for processing, leading to loss of revenues and critical resources.
The research on LFP batteries has been carried out under a project in partnership with Imperial College London and supported by the Faraday Battery Challenge.
