The Environmental Protection Agency recently announced that 47 companies operating coal-fired power plants in the United States have received a two-year exemption from regulations controlling mercury and air toxics emissions. This action, implemented through executive measures, temporarily eases compliance with standards set by the Biden administration.

Signage at the headquarters of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Washington, D.C., U.S., February 18, 2025.

The Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS), established under the Biden administration, remain active after the Supreme Court declined to pause the rules in October, despite legal challenges from several states and industry groups. However, a proclamation by President Donald Trump grants specific coal plants relief from MATS compliance, aiming to support the coal industry and extend the lifespan of aging facilities.

Coal-fired power plants currently generate less than 20% of U.S. electricity, down from 50% in 2000, according to the Energy Information Administration. This decline is driven by increased natural gas production through advanced drilling methods and the expansion of solar and wind energy.

Mercury, a potent neurotoxin, is linked to serious developmental harm, as highlighted by the American Lung Association. Emissions from coal plants, including mercury and other toxics, are associated with heightened risks of asthma, strokes, heart attacks, and lung cancer. The Biden-era MATS mandated continuous emissions monitoring to mitigate these health risks.

Supporters of the exemptions argue that MATS regulations place significant burdens on coal plants, impacting the sustainability of the U.S. coal sector. Montana Congressman Troy Downing welcomed the decision, stating: “The inclusion of two units of the Colstrip coal plant to the exemption list will provide clarity and certainty for operations going forward.”

The exemptions reflect efforts to balance environmental regulations with economic considerations for the coal industry. As the EPA works on a longer-term review of the MATS rules, this temporary measure seeks to maintain the operational viability of coal-fired facilities. The decision has prompted discussions about addressing public health concerns while supporting energy-producing regions.