(Adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 23, 2025)  

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducted an in-depth analysis of the international and domestic situations and put forward the following suggestions for formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.

I. The 15th Five-Year Plan period is a critical period for basically realizing socialist modernization

(1) Major achievements were made in China’s development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The development process during the 14th Five-Year Plan period was extremely unusual and extraordinary. Facing the intricate and complex international situation and the arduous and onerous tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to rise to challenges and forge ahead with perseverance. It withstood the severe impact of the once-in-a-century pandemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, and promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. Economic performance was stable with progress, high-quality development was solidly advanced; scientific and technological innovation yielded fruitful results, and new quality productive forces developed steadily; comprehensive deepening of reform was further promoted, and high-level opening up to the outside world continued to expand; whole-process people’s democracy developed in depth, and the comprehensive rule of law was effectively implemented; cultural undertakings and industries flourished, and spiritual and cultural products were rich and diverse; people’s livelihood security was solid and stable, and the achievements in poverty alleviation were consolidated and expanded; the pace of green and low-carbon transformation accelerated, and the quality of the ecological environment continued to improve; national security capabilities were effectively enhanced, social governance efficiency was improved, and overall social stability was maintained; major progress was made in national defense and military construction; the practice of “one country, two systems” was further advanced; major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics was comprehensively expanded; the results of comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline were remarkable, the fight against corruption was advanced in depth, and the Party’s creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness were significantly enhanced. China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength reached new heights, Chinese-style modernization took new and solid steps, and the new journey of the second centenary goal achieved a good start. The attainment of these major achievements is fundamentally due to the leadership and stewardship of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

(2) The 15th Five-Year Plan period holds an important position of linking the past and the future in the process of basically realizing socialist modernization. Realizing socialist modernization is a historical process of stepwise progression and continuous development and progress, requiring unremitting efforts and continuous struggle. The 15th Five-Year Plan period is a critical period for consolidating the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. It is necessary to consolidate and expand advantages, break through bottleneck constraints, strengthen weak areas, win strategic initiative in fierce international competition, promote major breakthroughs in strategic tasks concerning the overall situation of Chinese-style modernization, and lay a more solid foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization.

(3) Profound and complex changes are taking place in China’s development environment during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Major-country relations are driving the international situation, and the evolution of the international situation is profoundly affecting domestic development. China’s development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. From an international perspective, the century-long changes in the world are accelerating, the comparison of international forces is undergoing profound adjustments, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating breakthroughs, and China has many favorable factors to actively manage international space and shape the external environment. At the same time, global turmoil is intertwined, turbulence is intensifying, and geopolitical conflicts are prone to occur frequently; unilateralism and protectionism are rising, hegemonism and power politics threats are increasing, the international economic and trade order is facing severe challenges, and the momentum of world economic growth is insufficient; great-power games are becoming more complex and intense. From a domestic perspective, China’s economic foundation is stable, with many advantages, strong resilience, and great potential. The supporting conditions and basic trend of long-term positive development have not changed. The advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the super-large-scale market, the complete industrial system, and rich human resources are more prominent. At the same time, the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development remain prominent; effective demand is insufficient, and there are bottlenecks in the domestic circulation; the task of transforming old and new growth drivers is arduous; agricultural and rural modernization is relatively lagging; employment and residents’ income growth face greater pressure, and there are weaknesses in people’s livelihood security; changes in population structure pose new issues for economic development and social governance; and there are still risks and hidden dangers in key areas.

Changes contain opportunities, and challenges inspire fighting spirit. The entire Party must deeply understand the decisive significance of the “two establishes,” strengthen the “four consciousnesses,” firm up the “four confidences,” achieve the “two maintains,” maintain strategic focus, enhance confidence in victory, actively identify, respond to, and seek changes, dare to fight and be good at fighting, have the courage to face major tests of high winds and rough waves or even perilous storms, overcome difficulties, combat risks, and meet challenges with a spirit of historical initiative, concentrate on handling our own affairs well, continue writing new chapters in the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and strive to create a new situation in the construction of Chinese-style modernization.

II. Guiding principles and main goals for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period

(4) Guiding ideology for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Uphold Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of “Three Represents,” and the Scientific Outlook on Development; fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee; focus on building a modern socialist country in all respects and achieving the second centenary goal; comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization; coordinate the promotion of the “five-in-one” overall layout; coordinate the advancement of the “four comprehensives” strategic layout; coordinate the overall domestic and international situations; fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy; accelerate the construction of a new development pattern; adhere to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability; adhere to centering on economic construction; take promoting high-quality development as the theme; take reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force; take meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose; take comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline as the fundamental guarantee; promote the effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity of the economy; promote the comprehensive development of people and solid steps toward common prosperity for all people; and ensure decisive progress in basically realizing socialist modernization.

(5) Principles that must be followed for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

-- Adhere to the comprehensive leadership of the Party. Resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, enhance the Party’s ability to set the direction, plan the overall situation, formulate policies, and promote reform, integrate the Party’s leadership throughout all aspects and the entire process of economic and social development, and provide a fundamental guarantee for China’s socialist modernization construction.

-- Adhere to putting the people first. Respect the principal position of the people, rely closely on the people, safeguard the fundamental interests of the people, promote social fairness and justice, focus on ensuring and improving people’s livelihood in the course of development, expand development space while meeting people’s livelihood needs, promote coordinated economic and social development and the mutual enhancement of material and spiritual civilization, and ensure that the fruits of modernization benefit all people more and more fairly.

-- Adhere to high-quality development. Lead development with the new development philosophy, develop new quality productive forces in a manner suited to local conditions, strengthen the domestic circulation, smooth the domestic and international dual circulation, coordinate the expansion of domestic demand and the deepening of supply-side structural reform, accelerate the cultivation of new growth drivers, promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure, improve the quality of increments and activate existing stocks, and promote sustained and healthy economic development and comprehensive social progress.

-- Adhere to comprehensively deepening reform. Focus on institutional and mechanistic obstacles that constrain high-quality development, advance deep-level reforms, expand high-level opening up, promote better adaptation of production relations to productive forces, superstructure to economic base, and national governance to social development, and continuously enhance the momentum and vitality of development.

-- Adhere to the combination of an effective market and a proactive government. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better leverage the role of the government, build a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, build a rule-of-law economy and a credit economy, create a world-class market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment, and form an economic order that is both “dynamic” and “well-managed.”

-- Adhere to coordinating development and security. Secure development through security and promote development through security, strengthen bottom-line thinking, effectively prevent and resolve various risks, enhance the resilience of the economy and society, and ensure the new development pattern with a new security architecture.

(6) Main goals for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

-- Significant results in high-quality development. Economic growth will be maintained within a reasonable range, total factor productivity will steadily increase, the resident consumption rate will significantly rise, the leading role of domestic demand in driving economic growth will continue to strengthen, the potential for economic growth will be fully released, the construction of a unified national market will advance in depth, the advantages of a super-large-scale market will continue to manifest, major progress will be made in new-type industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, and major breakthroughs will be achieved in developing new quality productive forces, building a new development pattern, and constructing a modern economic system.

-- A substantial increase in the level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. The overall efficiency of the national innovation system will be significantly enhanced, a pattern of integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent will basically take shape, basic research and original innovation capabilities will be significantly strengthened, key core technologies in key areas will achieve rapid breakthroughs, the number of fields where China keeps pace with or leads the world will clearly increase, the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation will be achieved, and the role of innovation in driving development will be significantly enhanced.

-- New breakthroughs in further comprehensively deepening reform. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity will be advanced in depth, the socialist market economic system will be more improved, the institutional mechanisms for high-level opening up will be more sound, the institutionalization, standardization, and proceduralization of whole-process people’s democracy will be further improved, and the construction of a socialist rule-of-law country will reach a higher level.

-- A clear improvement in the level of social civilization. Cultural confidence will be stronger, mainstream ideological and public opinion will be continuously consolidated and expanded, socialist core values will be widely practiced, the vitality of cultural innovation and creativity of the whole nation will be continuously stimulated, the people’s spiritual and cultural life will be richer, the cohesion of the Chinese nation and the influence of Chinese culture will be significantly enhanced, and national soft power will continue to increase.

-- Continuous improvement in the quality of people’s lives. New progress will be made in high-quality and full employment, residents’ income growth will be synchronized with economic growth, labor remuneration increases will be synchronized with labor productivity improvements, the distribution structure will be optimized, the middle-income group will continue to expand, the social security system will be more optimized and sustainable, and the equalization of basic public services will be significantly improved.

-- New major progress in the construction of a Beautiful China. A green production and lifestyle will basically take shape, the carbon peak target will be achieved on schedule, a new-type energy system that is clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient will be preliminarily established, the total emissions of major pollutants will continue to decrease, and the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems will continue to improve.

-- A more consolidated national security barrier. The national security system and capabilities will be further strengthened, risks in key areas will be effectively prevented and resolved, the level of social governance and public safety governance will be significantly improved, the centenary goal of building the military will be achieved on schedule, and the construction of a higher-level Peaceful China will be solidly advanced.

On this basis, after another five years of struggle, by 2035, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will leap significantly, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people’s lives will be happier and better, and socialist modernization will be basically realized.

III. Build a modern industrial system and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy

A modern industrial system is the material and technical foundation of Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to focusing the development of the economy on the real economy, adhere to the direction of intelligence, greening, and integration, accelerate the construction of a strong manufacturing country, a strong quality country, a strong aerospace country, a strong transportation country, and a strong cyber country, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone.

(7) Optimize and upgrade traditional industries. Promote the quality upgrade of key industries, consolidate and enhance the status and competitiveness of industries such as mining, metallurgy, chemicals, light industry, textiles, machinery, shipbuilding, and construction in the global industrial division of labor. Enhance the independent and controllable level of industrial chains, strengthen the reconstruction of industrial foundations and major technical equipment research, implement rolling actions for high-quality development of key manufacturing industrial chains, and develop advanced manufacturing clusters. Promote technological transformation and upgrading, promote the digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing, develop intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing, and accelerate changes in industrial models and enterprise organizational forms. Enhance the basic capabilities of quality technology, strengthen standard leadership, improve internationalization levels, and strengthen brand building. Optimize industrial layout and promote the orderly transfer of key industries within the country.

(8) Cultivate and expand emerging industries and future industries. Focus on creating emerging pillar industries. Implement industrial innovation projects, promote the integrated advancement of innovation facility construction, technological research and development, and product iteration and upgrading, and accelerate the cluster development of strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and low-altitude economy. Improve the industrial ecosystem, implement large-scale application demonstration actions for new technologies, new products, and new scenarios, and accelerate the large-scale development of emerging industries.

Prospectively layout future industries, explore multiple technical routes, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market supervision rules, and promote quantum technology, biological manufacturing, hydrogen energy and fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications to become new economic growth points. Innovate regulatory methods, develop venture capital, and establish mechanisms for investment growth and risk sharing in future industries. Promote the specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises and cultivate unicorn enterprises.

(9) Promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry. Implement actions to expand capacity and improve quality in the service industry, expand the opening of the service industry, deepen regulatory reform, improve supporting policy systems, expand high-quality business entities, promote the extension of producer services to specialization and the high end of the value chain in different fields, and promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of consumer services. Improve the level of integrated development of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture, and promote the digital and intelligent transformation of services. Strengthen service standards and quality brand building. Improve the statistical monitoring system for the service industry.

(10) Build a modern infrastructure system. Strengthen the overall planning of infrastructure, optimize layout structures, promote integrated integration, and enhance safety, resilience, and operational sustainability. Moderately construct new-type infrastructure in advance, promote the construction and intensive and efficient use of information and communication networks, a national integrated computing power network, and major scientific and technological infrastructure, and promote the renewal and digital and intelligent transformation of traditional infrastructure. Improve the modern comprehensive transportation system, strengthen cross-regional overall layout and cross-mode integrated connection, and strengthen coverage and accessibility guarantees in weak areas. Improve a diversified and resilient international transportation channel system. Optimize the layout of energy backbone channels and vigorously build new-type energy infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a modern water network, and enhance the capabilities for flood and drought disaster prevention, water resource allocation, and urban and rural water supply security. Promote the construction of urban public infrastructure for both normal and emergency use.

IV. Accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening to lead the development of new quality productive forces

Chinese-style modernization must be supported by scientific and technological modernization. Seize the historical opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of a strong education country, a strong science and technology country, and a strong talent country, enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system, comprehensively strengthen independent innovation capabilities, seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, and continuously give birth to new quality productive forces.

(11) Strengthen original innovation and key core technology research. Improve the new nationwide system, adopt extraordinary measures, and promote decisive breakthroughs in key core technologies in key areas such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and biological manufacturing throughout the entire chain. Highlight national strategic needs and deploy and implement a batch of major national scientific and technological tasks. Strengthen strategic, forward-looking, and systematic layout of basic research, increase the proportion of basic research investment, and increase long-term stable support. Strengthen the orientation of original innovation in scientific research and technological development, optimize an environment conducive to original and disruptive innovation, and produce more landmark original achievements.

(12) Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces and enhance systematic research capabilities. Strengthen the independent guarantee of basic scientific and technological conditions and coordinate the construction of scientific and technological innovation platforms and bases. Improve the regional innovation system, layout and build regional scientific and technological innovation centers and industrial scientific and technological innovation highlands, and strengthen the origin function of international scientific and technological innovation centers. Accelerate the efficient transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements, layout and build concept verification and pilot verification platforms, increase the construction and opening of application scenarios, and strengthen the protection and application of intellectual property rights. Create an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness. Support young scientific and technological talents in innovation and entrepreneurship. Strengthen the popularization of science and technology, cultivate an innovation culture, and carry forward the spirit of scientists. Strengthen the construction of science and technology law, ethics, integrity, and security.

Strengthen the principal position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, promote the concentration of innovation resources in enterprises, support enterprises in leading the formation of innovation consortia and undertaking more national scientific and technological research tasks, encourage enterprises to increase investment in basic research, and promote the deep integration of innovation chains, industrial chains, capital chains, and talent chains. Cultivate and expand leading scientific and technological enterprises, support high-tech enterprises and science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises in development, and increase the proportion of additional deductions for enterprise R&D expenses. Increase the intensity of government procurement of independent innovation products.

(13) Promote the integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent development. Establish and improve coordination mechanisms for integrated advancement, strengthen planning connection, policy coordination, resource coordination, and evaluation linkage, promote the positive interaction between independent scientific and technological innovation and independent talent cultivation, and build education centers, science centers, and talent centers with global influence. Coordinate education around scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, optimize the layout of universities, promote reform by category, coordinate discipline settings, deeply promote the construction of “double first-class” universities and national interdisciplinary centers, strengthen the talent aggregation and cultivation functions of scientific research institutions, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science and technology plans, and cultivate top-notch innovative talents. Accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces, cultivate more strategic scientists, leading scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly skilled talents. Strengthen talent collaboration, optimize talent structure, and promote coordinated regional talent development. Take innovation capability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution as the evaluation orientation, deepen the reform of project review, institutional evaluation, talent evaluation, and income distribution, smooth talent exchange channels between universities, scientific research institutes, and enterprises, and stimulate the momentum and vitality of innovation and creativity. Deepen international exchange and cooperation, establish a high-tech talent immigration system, and attract and cultivate outstanding talents from around the world.

(14) Deeply promote the construction of Digital China. Improve the basic system of data elements, build a nationally integrated data market that is open, shared, and secure, and deepen the development and utilization of data resources. Promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy, and implement industrial internet innovation and development projects. Accelerate innovation in digital and intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence, break through basic theories and core technologies, and strengthen the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data. Comprehensively implement the “Artificial Intelligence+” action, lead the transformation of scientific research paradigms with artificial intelligence, strengthen the combination of artificial intelligence with industrial development, cultural construction, people’s livelihood security, and social governance, seize the high ground of artificial intelligence industry applications, and empower all industries in all directions. Strengthen artificial intelligence governance, improve relevant laws and regulations, policy systems, application norms, and ethical guidelines. Improve supervision and promote the innovation and healthy development of the platform economy.

V. Build a strong domestic market and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern

A strong domestic market is the strategic support for Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand, adhere to the close combination of benefiting people’s livelihood and promoting consumption, investment in physical assets and investment in people, lead new supply with new demand, create new demand with new supply, promote the positive interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, and enhance the endogenous power and reliability of the domestic circulation.

(15) Vigorously boost consumption. Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption. Coordinate employment promotion, income increase, and expectation stabilization, reasonably increase the proportion of public service expenditure in fiscal expenditure, and enhance residents’ consumption capacity. Expand the supply of high-quality consumer goods and services. Focus on relaxing market access and industry integration to expand service consumption, strengthen brand leadership, standard upgrading, and new technology applications, promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption, and create a batch of new consumption scenarios with wide coverage and high visibility. Cultivate international consumption center cities and expand inbound consumption. Increase the intensity of inclusive policies that directly reach consumers and increase government funds for people’s livelihood security expenditure. Improve systems and mechanisms to promote consumption, clean up unreasonable restrictive measures for consumption such as automobiles and housing, establish and improve management methods adapted to new consumption formats, models, and scenarios, and implement paid staggered leave. Strengthen the protection of consumer rights and interests.

(16) Expand effective investment. Maintain reasonable investment growth and improve investment efficiency. Optimize the structure of government investment, increase the proportion of government investment in people’s livelihood, and promote high-quality implementation of national major strategies and key areas’ security capacity projects. Adapt to changes in population structure and flow trends, improve the layout of infrastructure and public service facilities, and strengthen human resource development and investment in people’s comprehensive development. Coordinate the use of various government investments and explore the preparation of full-caliber government investment plans in places with good work foundations. Strengthen the whole-process management of government investment. Deepen the reform of the investment approval system and further clarify the investment directions and priorities of the central and local governments. Strengthen planning and demonstration, implement a batch of major landmark projects. Improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in the construction of major projects, give play to the guiding and driving role of government investment funds, stimulate the vitality of private investment, increase the proportion of private investment, and enhance the growth momentum of market-led effective investment.

(17) Resolutely break through the bottlenecks hindering the construction of a unified national market. Unify the basic market system rules, improve systems for property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, mergers and acquisitions, and market exit, eliminate barriers in factor acquisition, qualification recognition, bidding, and government procurement, standardize local government economic promotion behaviors, and break local protection and market segmentation. Comprehensively rectify “involution” competition. Unify market supervision and law enforcement, strengthen quality supervision, improve the benchmark system for administrative discretion, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement and justice, and form a market order of high quality and high price and benign competition. Improve circulation rules and standards with integrated connection, connect market facilities with high standards, and reduce logistics costs for the whole society. Improve statistical, fiscal, tax, and assessment systems conducive to the construction of a unified national market, and optimize the interest sharing between enterprise headquarters and branches, and production and consumption areas.

VI. Accelerate the construction of a high-level socialist market economic system and enhance the momentum for high-quality development

A high-level socialist market economic system is an important guarantee for Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, better play the leading role of economic system reform, improve the macro-economic governance system, and ensure high-quality development proceeds steadily and reaches far.

(18) Fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities. Adhere to and implement the “two unswervingly,” promote the complementary advantages and common development of economies of various ownership forms. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, make state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital stronger, better, and larger, promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, and enhance the core functions and core competitiveness of state-owned enterprises. Implement the law on promoting the private economy, ensure equal use of production factors, fair participation in market competition, and effective protection of legitimate rights and interests from the legal and institutional levels, and develop and expand the private economy. Support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, and promote the coordinated and integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises. Strengthen the enforcement and judicial protection of property rights, and strengthen judicial supervision of compulsory measures such as sealing, seizure, and freezing. Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, carry forward the entrepreneurial spirit, and accelerate the construction of more world-class enterprises.

(19) Accelerate the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors. Promote the efficient allocation of various factor resources, establish and improve a unified urban and rural construction land market, a functionally complete capital market, a smoothly flowing labor market, and a highly efficient technology market for transformation. Prepare macro balance sheets, comprehensively identify the base number of existing resource assets, and optimize the asset-liability structure. Improve policies for mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcy, and replacement, and activate and make good use of inefficient land, idle properties, and existing infrastructure. Improve laws and regulations on the renewal of industrial and commercial land use rights, and steadily promote renewal work in accordance with the law. Promote the activation and sharing of existing state-owned assets of national administrative institutions. Promote the organic connection between judicial judgment execution and the bankruptcy system, and effectively activate sealed and frozen property in accordance with the law.

(20) Enhance the efficiency of macro-economic governance. Strengthen the strategic guiding role of national development planning, strengthen the coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, give play to the role of industrial, price, employment, consumption, investment, trade, regional, environmental protection, and regulatory policies, and promote the formation of more economic development models dominated by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and with endogenous growth. Strengthen counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustment, implement more active macro policies, and continuously stabilize growth, employment, and expectations. Enhance the consistency of macro policy orientations, strengthen the evaluation of policy implementation effects, improve expectation management mechanisms, and optimize the comprehensive performance assessment of high-quality development.

Give play to the role of active fiscal policy and enhance fiscal sustainability. Strengthen scientific fiscal management, strengthen the coordination of fiscal resources and budgets, and strengthen the financial guarantee for major national strategic tasks and basic people’s livelihood. Deepen zero-based budget reform, unify budget allocation powers, optimize the fiscal expenditure structure, and strengthen budget performance management. Improve the local tax and direct tax systems, improve tax policies on operating income, capital income, and property income, standardize tax preferential policies, and maintain a reasonable macro tax burden level. Appropriately strengthen central powers and increase the proportion of central fiscal expenditure. Increase local independent financial resources. Strengthen financial and accounting supervision. Accelerate the construction of a long-term mechanism for government debt management adapted to high-quality development.

Accelerate the construction of a financial power. Improve the central bank system, build a scientific and prudent monetary policy system and a comprehensive macro-prudential management system, and smooth the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Vigorously develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. Improve the inclusiveness and adaptability of the capital market system, and improve the capital market functions coordinated with investment and financing. Actively develop direct financing such as equity and bonds, and steadily develop futures, derivatives, and asset securitization. Optimize the financial institution system, promote various financial institutions to focus on their main business, improve governance, and develop in a differentiated manner. Build safe and efficient financial infrastructure. Steadily develop digital RMB. Accelerate the construction of Shanghai as an international financial center. Comprehensively strengthen financial supervision, strengthen central-local regulatory coordination, enrich risk disposal resources and means, build a risk prevention and resolution system, and ensure the stable operation of finance.

VII. Expand high-level opening up to the outside world and create a new situation of win-win cooperation

Adhering to open cooperation and mutual benefit and win-win is an inevitable requirement for Chinese-style modernization. Steadily expand institutional opening up, safeguard the multilateral trading system, expand the international circulation, promote reform and development through opening up, and share opportunities and achieve common development with countries around the world.

(21) Actively expand independent opening up. Align with international high-standard economic and trade rules, focus on the service industry to expand market access and opening areas, and expand unilateral opening areas and regions. Accelerate the process of regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements and expand the network of high-standard free trade zones. Optimize the regional opening layout and create open highlands with diverse forms. Implement the strategy to upgrade free trade pilot zones and build the Hainan Free Trade Port with high standards. Coordinate the layout and construction of major open cooperation platforms such as scientific and technological innovation, service trade, and industrial development. Promote the internationalization of the RMB, enhance the opening level of the capital account, and build an independent and controllable RMB cross-border payment system. Promote the reform of global economic and financial governance, and promote the construction and maintenance of a fair, just, open, inclusive, and win-win international economic order.

(22) Promote innovative development of trade. Promote the quality and efficiency of foreign trade and accelerate the construction of a trade power. Promote market diversification and the integration of domestic and foreign trade, optimize and upgrade goods trade, expand intermediate goods trade and green trade, and promote balanced development of imports and exports. Vigorously develop service trade, encourage service exports, improve the negative list management system for cross-border service trade, and enhance the standardization level of service trade. Innovate and develop digital trade and orderly expand opening in the digital field. Enhance the functions of trade promotion platforms and support the development of new formats and models such as cross-border e-commerce. Improve export control and security review mechanisms.

(23) Expand the space for two-way investment cooperation. Shape new advantages in attracting foreign investment, implement “access and operation,” shorten the negative list for foreign investment access, and promote the reinvestment of foreign capital in China. Improve the foreign investment service guarantee system, fully implement national treatment, promote efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border flow of data, and create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Effectively implement foreign investment management, improve overseas comprehensive service systems, promote the integration of trade and investment, and guide the reasonable and orderly cross-border layout of industrial and supply chains.

(24) High-quality joint construction of the “Belt and Road.” Strengthen strategic docking with co-building countries and strengthen the overall management of cooperation planning. Deepen infrastructure “hard connectivity,” rules and standards “soft connectivity,” and “heart connectivity” with the people of co-building countries, improve the layout of a three-dimensional interconnection network, and coordinate the construction of major landmark projects and “small but beautiful” people’s livelihood projects. Enhance the development level of China-Europe (Asia) freight trains. Accelerate the construction of the New Western Land-Sea Corridor. Deepen practical cooperation in trade, investment, industry, and humanities, and expand new cooperation space in green development, artificial intelligence, digital economy, health, tourism, agriculture, and other fields. Improve a diversified, sustainable, and risk-controllable investment and financing system. Strengthen the protection of overseas interests.

VIII. Accelerate agricultural and rural modernization and solidly promote comprehensive rural revitalization

Agricultural and rural modernization concerns the overall situation and quality of Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to making the resolution of the “three rural issues” the top priority of the entire Party’s work, promote integrated urban-rural development, continuously consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, promote rural areas to basically have modern living conditions, and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country.

(25) Enhance comprehensive agricultural production capacity and quality benefits. Adhere to the simultaneous grasping of output capacity, production ecology, and income increase, coordinate the development of technology agriculture, green agriculture, quality agriculture, and brand agriculture, and build agriculture into a modern large industry. Vigorously implement a new round of actions to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion jin, and enhance the supply guarantee capacity of grain and other important agricultural products. Strictly adhere to the red line of arable land, strictly manage the occupation and compensation balance, and coordinate the optimization of agricultural land layout. High-quality promote the construction of high-standard farmland, strengthen the protection of black soil and the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, and improve the quality of arable land. Deeply implement the seed industry revitalization action, promote the research and application of high-end intelligent and hilly and mountainous applicable agricultural machinery and equipment, and promote the integrated efficiency of good land, good seeds, good machinery, and good methods. Adhere to the simultaneous development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, develop modern facility agriculture, and build a diversified food supply system. Develop the under-forest economy and expand the forestry and grass industry. Stabilize land contract relations, steadily promote the pilot of extending another 30 years after the second round of contracts expires. Develop moderately large-scale agricultural operations, improve the development quality of new-type agricultural business entities, improve convenient and efficient agricultural socialized service systems, and promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development.

(26) Promote the construction of livable, workable, and beautiful villages. Learn and apply the experience of the “Ten Million Project,” improve the implementation mechanism of village construction in a manner suited to local conditions, promote rural revitalization in a classified, orderly, and regional manner, and gradually improve the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of the living environment. Coordinate the optimization of village and town layout, and promote the integrated planning, construction, and management of county infrastructure. Synergistically promote county territorial space governance, steadily carry out comprehensive land improvement in the whole region, continuously improve the rural living environment, solve problems such as toilet renovation and garbage surrounding villages with a nail-spirit, accelerate the filling of shortcomings in rural modern living conditions, and create high-quality rural living space. Develop county economies with their own characteristics, develop multiple functions of agriculture, promote the deep integration of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, cultivate and expand rural characteristic industries, improve the mechanism for linking farmers and benefiting farmers, and promote stable income increase for farmers.

(27) Improve the efficiency of policies to strengthen, benefit, and enrich agriculture. Improve a diversified input pattern with priority fiscal guarantee, key financial tilt, and active social participation, and ensure that the intensity of investment in rural revitalization continues to increase. Protect and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to engage in farming and grain planting, and strengthen policy support and coordination in prices, subsidies, and insurance. Increase interest compensation for major grain-producing areas and implement inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation between production and sales areas. Strengthen the management of grain purchase, sales, and reserves. Promote the diversification of agricultural product imports and promote the coordination of trade and production. Promote the two-way flow of urban and rural factors, encourage various talents to go to the countryside for service and entrepreneurship and employment. Save and intensively use rural collective construction land for business, activate idle land and houses in accordance with the law, and guarantee rural development land by category. Support the development of new-type rural collective economies.

Coordinate the establishment of a normalized mechanism to prevent returning to poverty, adhere to precise assistance, improve bottom-line guarantees, strengthen development-oriented assistance, enhance endogenous power, provide layered and classified assistance to underdeveloped areas, improve support policies for key counties for rural revitalization, and ensure that large-scale returning to poverty does not occur.

IX. Optimize the regional economic layout and promote coordinated regional development

Coordinated regional development is an inherent requirement of Chinese-style modernization. Give play to the superimposed effects of the regional coordinated development strategy, major regional strategies, the main functional zone strategy, and the new-type urbanization strategy, optimize the layout of major productive forces, give play to the role of growth poles in key regions, and build a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development.

(28) Enhance the coordination of regional development. Solidly promote the formation of a new pattern in the large-scale development of the western region, achieve new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, accelerate the modernization of the eastern region, and promote coordinated development between the east, central, west, and north and south. Consolidate and enhance the role of high-quality development power sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Continuously promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. High-standard and high-quality promote the construction of Xiongan New Area as a modern city and enhance the development level of the Chengdu-Chongqing dual-city economic circle. Encourage all regions to give play to their comparative advantages and strengths, support large economic provinces to take on major responsibilities, and take the lead and set an example in promoting Chinese-style modernization. Increase differentiated policy support to promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas, etc.

(29) Promote linked regional development. Promote the construction of cross-regional and cross-basin major channels and strengthen regional infrastructure interconnection. Strengthen the coordinated and linked development of key city clusters and promote efficient collaboration of regional innovation chains and industrial chains. Promote the accelerated development of city clusters such as the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, cultivate and develop several regional central cities, and better play the supporting and driving role of cross-regional linking regions. Deepen cross-administrative region cooperation, improve mechanisms for regional planning coordination, industrial collaboration, and interest sharing, and expand models such as basin economies.

(30) Optimize the territorial space development pattern. Strengthen the implementation of the main functional zone strategy, maintain the overall stability of the pattern of urbanization areas, main agricultural product production areas, and key ecological function areas, refine and clarify special functional areas, and improve supporting policies and assessment and evaluation mechanisms. Promote the optimization of the layout of strategic industries and energy resource bases. Improve the territorial space planning system, implement control lines such as optimized arable land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red lines, and urban development boundaries, and implement differentiated and refined use control by zones and categories. Grant provincial governments greater autonomy in coordinating construction land, explore the implementation of a construction land total control model by planning period, and implement comprehensive land supply coordinating existing and incremental quantities.

(31) Deeply promote new-type urbanization with people at the core. Scientifically and orderly promote the citizenization of agricultural transfer population and implement the system of providing basic public services based on residence registration. Promote the modernization of governance in mega and super-large cities, accelerate the integration of city clusters and the homogenization of metropolitan areas, optimize the urban scale structure, and promote the coordinated development and compact layout of large, medium, small cities, and small towns. Promote urbanization with county towns as important carriers by category, and enhance industrial support capabilities and public service levels. Adhere to the connotative development of cities, vigorously implement urban renewal, and build innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and smart modern people’s cities. Solidly promote the construction of border towns.

(32) Strengthen the development, utilization, and protection of the ocean. Adhere to the coordination of land and sea, improve the ability to manage the ocean, promote the high-quality development of the marine economy, and accelerate the construction of a maritime power. Strengthen marine scientific and technological innovation, consolidate and enhance the advantages of the marine equipment manufacturing industry, expand emerging marine industries, and develop modern shipping services. Implement marine surveys and observation and monitoring, promote the development and utilization of marine energy resources and sea areas and islands, and strengthen the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in key sea areas. Strengthen the support and guarantee system for deep-sea and polar exploration. Firmly safeguard marine rights and interests and security, and improve maritime law enforcement and maritime judicial capabilities.

X. Stimulate the innovation and creativity of the entire nation’s culture and prosperously develop socialist culture

Cultural prosperity is an important symbol of Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, root in the broad and profound Chinese civilization, conform to the development trend of information technology, develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the new era with strong ideological leadership, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, and solidly promote the construction of a cultural power.

(33) Carry forward and practice socialist core values. Deepen the study and publicity and education of the Party’s innovative theories, unremittingly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge the soul. Innovatively implement the Marxist theoretical research and construction project and accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Lead cultural construction with socialist core values, give play to the role of culture in cultivating the heart and nurturing sentiments, and cultivate the spirited temperament of the whole nation. Carry forward the culture of integrity and clean government. Strengthen and improve ideological and political work, promote the construction of campus culture, make good use of red resources, and strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs for young people. Coordinate the promotion of urban and rural spiritual civilization construction and improve the people’s civilization literacy and social civilization degree. Strengthen the construction and management of network content. Enhance the governance capacity in the cultural field under informationized conditions.

(34) Vigorously prosper cultural undertakings. Create a good cultural ecology, enhance cultural original capabilities, and promote the creation of fine works in fields such as journalism and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art. Cultivate a large-scale, reasonably structured, and innovative high-level cultural talent team. Widely carry out mass cultural activities and prosper new mass literature and art under internet conditions. Deepen the systematic reform of mainstream media, promote the integrated management of news propaganda and network public opinion, and improve the guiding ability of mainstream public opinion. Deeply implement the project for the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture, promote the systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage, and strengthen the effective protection and living inheritance of historical and cultural cities, blocks, and villages. Build and make good use of national cultural parks. Build a system of Chinese civilization identifiers. Adhere to cultural benefits for the people, implement actions to improve the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. Promote the construction of a book-fragrant society. Coordinate the development of mass sports and competitive sports and accelerate the construction of a sports power.

(35) Accelerate the development of the cultural industry. Improve the cultural management system and production and operation mechanisms. Improve the cultural industry system and market system, cultivate outstanding cultural enterprises and brands, implement the strategy of driving major cultural industry projects, and implement active cultural economic policies. Promote the integration of culture and technology, promote the digital and intelligent empowerment and information transformation of cultural construction, and develop new cultural formats. Guide and standardize the healthy development of online literature, online games, online audio-visual, etc., and strengthen the protection of minors on the internet. Promote the construction of a tourism power, enrich the supply of high-quality tourism products, and improve tourism service quality. Enhance the convenience and internationalization level of inbound tourism. Promote the deep integration of culture and tourism, vigorously develop the cultural tourism industry, and empower economic and social development with culture.

(36) Enhance the communication and influence of Chinese civilization. Improve the international communication system and mechanisms, innovate communication carriers and methods, strengthen the construction of key bases, enhance the international communication capabilities of mainstream media, comprehensively enhance international discourse power, tell Chinese stories well, and present a credible, lovely, and respectable image of China. Strengthen regional and country-specific research and enhance the effectiveness of international communication. Deepen civilizational exchange and mutual learning, widely carry out international humanities exchange and cooperation, and encourage more cultural enterprises and excellent cultural products to go global.

XI. Increase efforts to ensure and improve people’s livelihood and solidly promote common prosperity for all people

Realizing the people’s aspirations for a better life is the starting point and foothold of Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to doing our best and within our capabilities, strengthen inclusive, basic, and bottom-line people’s livelihood construction, solve the urgent, difficult, and anxious problems of the masses, smooth social mobility channels, and improve the quality of people’s lives.

(37) Promote high-quality and full employment. Deeply implement the employment priority strategy, improve employment promotion mechanisms, and build an employment-friendly development model. Strengthen the coordination of industry and employment, actively cultivate new occupations and new posts, and support enterprises in stabilizing and expanding posts. Improve the human resource supply and demand matching mechanism, improve the lifelong vocational skills training system, strengthen the guidance of job selection and employment concepts, and focus on solving structural employment contradictions. Improve employment support and public service systems, stabilize and expand employment for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and demobilized military personnel, and promote the healthy development of flexible employment and new employment forms. Increase entrepreneurship support and enhance the employment-driving effect of entrepreneurship. Improve the labor standard system and labor relations consultation and coordination mechanism, strengthen the protection of workers’ rights and interests, and create a fair and orderly employment environment. Improve employment impact assessment and monitoring and early warning, and comprehensively respond to the impact of changes in the external environment and new technology development on employment.

(38) Improve the income distribution system. Adhere to distribution according to work as the main body and the coexistence of multiple distribution methods, increase the proportion of residents’ income in national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution. Improve the primary distribution mechanism where various factors are evaluated by the market for contribution and remuneration is determined by contribution, and promote more pay for more work, higher pay for higher skills, and more pay for innovation. Improve the mechanisms for determining, reasonably increasing, and guaranteeing the payment of workers’ wages, implement the collective wage negotiation system, improve the adjustment mechanism for minimum wage standards, and strengthen macro guidance on enterprise wage distribution. Increase urban and rural residents’ property income through multiple channels. Strengthen the regulation of redistribution through taxation, social security, and transfer payments. Promote and standardize the development of public welfare and charity, standardize the order of income distribution and wealth accumulation mechanisms, support diligent and innovative legal wealth creation, encourage the rich to lead and promote common prosperity. Implement plans to increase income for urban and rural residents, effectively increase the income of low-income groups, steadily expand the scale of the middle-income group, reasonably regulate excessively high incomes, ban illegal incomes, and promote the formation of an olive-shaped distribution pattern.

(39) Run education that satisfies the people. Implement the project of fostering virtue through education in the new era, promote the effective integration of ideological and political classrooms and social classrooms, strengthen physical education, aesthetic education, and labor education, and improve the education evaluation system. Improve the education resource allocation mechanism adapted to population changes and expand the supply of education resources in cities with net inflow of school-age population. Steadily expand the scope of free education and explore extending the years of compulsory education. Promote the ex