Europe's efforts to build up its battery-making capacity got a major boost Friday as Sweden's Northvolt and Taiwan's ProLogium announced projects to build factories in Germany and France.
The continent has been racing to produce more electric vehicles as part of its green transition, with the clock ticking down on an EU deadline of 2035 to phase out the sale of cars using fossil fuels.
A flurry of new battery plant projects are in the pipeline in Europe, but it is still playing catch up and faces tough competition from both the United States and China.
So the announcement by battery-maker Northvolt on Friday that it would go ahead with building a multi-billion-euro plant in northern Germany, after months of uncertainty, came as a major boost.
"Germany can look forward to one of the most significant... projects of the energy and transport transition, which will create thousands of green tech jobs," said German Economy Minister Robert Habeck.
The so-called gigafactory will be able to supply around one million electric vehicles with batteries a year, and will create 3,000 jobs in Heide, in Schleswig-Holstein state, Northvolt and Berlin said in a statement.
Construction is expected to start this year, with deliveries of batteries from the plant to begin in 2026.
After initially announcing the project in early 2022, Northvolt boss Peter Carlsson had warned recently it could be postponed due to surging energy costs in Germany following Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
He also noted that the United States was offering enticing subsidies, as part of a huge program to accelerate the country's transition to a low-carbon future.
But Northvolt ultimately decided to push on with the project in Germany, home to leading carmakers including Volkswagen—whose 10 brands include Audi, Porsche and Skoda—BMW and Mercedes-Benz.
The German economy ministry said the federal government and Schleswig-Holstein state will provide subsidies for the project.
Subsidies will be provided in part under a EU scheme that was recently introduced as the bloc raced to come up with response to the generous funding on offer from Washington.
The European Commission has to approve the funding, but if it does it will be the first time the scheme has been used in Germany, the economy ministry said.
US subsidy threat
Shortly after confirming it would go ahead with the German project, Northvolt also said it was considering a new factory in Canada or the United States, with a decision expected in the coming months.
Canada is also covered by Washington's vast subsidy scheme.
Northvolt already has one battery plant in Sweden, and is building a second.
In France meanwhile, Taiwanese battery maker ProLogium announced it will invest 5.2 billion euros ($5.7 billion) in building a new factory in Dunkirk.
Its first European plant, the group hopes it will start production at the end of 2026, and ramp up over several years until it has some 3,000 employees.
The factory will produce batteries for hundreds of thousands of cars once at full capacity.
The group specializes in the development of "solid-state" batteries which are considered more powerful, safer and quicker to charge than the lithium-ion cells often used in electric vehicles.
The Taiwanese company said it decided on Dunkirk because it allows proximity to its customers, with many electric vehicle factories located in northern Europe.
About 50 lithium-ion battery factories are planned to be built in Europe by 2030.
Germany is furthest ahead, with 498 gigawatt hours of projects in the pipeline, followed by Hungary, Norway and France, according to NGO Transport and Environment.
But the NGO says some of these projects could be scaled back or delayed, mainly due to competition from the United State's subsidies.
The US scheme was introduced in part to counter the might of China, which has traditionally been dominant in a range of green tech industries, including making electric batteries.
