Taiwan is set to decommission its last operational nuclear reactor at the Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant on May 17, 2025, as announced by Premier Cho Jung-tai on April 29, 2025. According to the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), Taiwan’s power grid has sufficient reserve capacity, projected at 10% during daytime peak hours and 7% at night, to meet demand through 2032. Cho stated: “New generating units at Datan, Sun Ba, and Hsinta power plants, combined with increased investment in renewable energy and grid resilience, will ensure a stable power supply.”

Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant in Pingtung.

Despite these assurances, experts have expressed concerns about the impact of phasing out nuclear energy. Professor Tsung Kuang-yeh from National Tsing Hua University noted: “Although nuclear energy accounts for just 4.2% of Taiwan’s generation capacity, it provides stable, carbon-free baseload power.” He highlighted that solar and wind, while sustainable, lack consistent output, potentially increasing reliance on coal-fired generation to meet demand.

The decommissioning is expected to heighten Taiwan’s dependence on imported fuels, particularly liquefied natural gas (LNG). Tsung pointed to ongoing coal use at the Taichung Thermal Power Plant and reserve generators at Hsinta, indicating challenges in maintaining baseload capacity without nuclear power. Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC) Chair Chen Min-jen, responding to questions from Kuomintang Legislator Ko Chih-en, reflected: “In 2022, I warned that slow renewable development and decommissioning could destabilize the grid.” Chen suggested that delaying the nuclear phaseout to 2035 could alleviate grid pressure and noted incomplete planning for a proposed LNG terminal in Keelung.

MOEA Minister Kuo Jyh-huei addressed air quality concerns, stating: “Thermal power will soon account for 84% of Taiwan’s electricity, but most will come from cleaner natural gas.” He emphasized that, alongside renewable energy growth, the nuclear phaseout should not significantly impact air quality.

Meanwhile, residents of Lanyu Island, where Taiwan’s nuclear waste is stored, have renewed calls for its relocation, possibly to the Maanshan plant. Ho Tsung-hsun, Executive Director of the Taiwan Citizen Participation Association, remarked: “It is unjust for the Taiwanese public to benefit from nuclear energy while leaving hazardous waste with Lanyu’s Indigenous people.” These communities have long advocated for the waste’s removal, citing past commitments from authorities.

Taiwan’s shift away from nuclear energy underscores its focus on renewables and cleaner fuels, but challenges remain in balancing energy security, emissions, and grid stability. The government’s investments in new power infrastructure aim to address these concerns while supporting sustainable development.